Loading... Please wait...三、语法解读
（一）宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语。除谓语动词之后可接宾语从句外，介词、不定式、分词、动名词以及某些形容词的后面也可以带宾语从句。根据关联词性质的不同，宾语从句有如下三类句型:
1.that引导的宾语从句
要点提示:
仅起引导作用，在从句中无句法功能，本身无具体意义，在口语和非正式文体中可省略，不引导介词的宾语从句（except that除外）。
典型例句:
She took it for granted that you knew the matter.
她想当然地认为你知道那件事。
The teacher recommended that we（should）read the novel.
老师建议我们读那篇小说。
相关链接:
(1)引导宾语从句的连词that 一般可以省去，但是及物动词后面有两个或者以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词 that 可以省略。例如:
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should write it down.
他说课文非常重要，我们应该写下来。
（2）insist（坚决要求），suggest（建议）,demand（要求）,order（命令）,propose（建议）等词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，其结构为“should+动词原形”或省略should，仅用动词原形。
2.whether 或if 引导的宾语从句
要点提示:
从句的意思为“是否……，能否……”,这里的if 从句不可混淆于if（如果，假如）引导的条件状语从句。
典型例句:
Do you know whether/if any decision has been arrived at？
你知道决定是否已经作出了吗？
相关链接:
（1）whether可构成whether...or not或whether or not...结构，在非正式的场合下，也可能有 if...or not 结构，但没有if or not...结构。
(2)介词后的宾语从句须用whether引导，不可用 if引导。
3.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句;连接代词有:who,whom,whose,what,which;连接副词有:when,where,how,why等。
典型例句:
I will tell you why I was late for the meeting.
我会告诉你我为什么开会迟到了。
相关链接:
（1）宾语从句一律用陈述语序。
（2）若主句的谓语动词是believe,think,guess,imagine,suppose等表示 “认为、猜想”的词（hope除外），一般要把宾语从句中的否定词转移到主句中去，即“否定转移”。
（二）表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作主语的表语,位于主句系动词之后。
1.that引导的表语从句
要点提示:
其结构为:主语＋系动词＋that从句
典型例句:
The fact is that he didn’t even take the exam.
事实上是他连考试都没有参加。
What I particularly dislike about this lesson is that it is really boring.
我特别不喜欢这课是因为它的确令人乏味。
2.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句
要点提示:
wh-疑问词引导的表语从句作“This is”和“That is”的表语的时候，它们通常不含有疑问意义，而是分别表示具体的地点、时间、原因、方式等等。
典型例句:
That is why he was late for an hour.
那就是他迟到一个小时的原因。
3.从属连词as if，as though，because，just as引导表语从句
要点提示:
as if,as though,just as 后都可接虚拟语气。
典型例句:
It looks as if we will be late.
看起来我们似乎会迟到。
He looked just as he had looked ten years ago.
他看起来还和十年前一样。（从句为虚拟语气结构）
相关链接:
使用表语从句时应注意的问题:
（1）主句的主语是reason时，表语从句要用that，不能用because。例如：
The reason why he was dismissed was that he was careless and irresponsible.
他被开除的原因是他工作马虎，不负责任。
（2）引导表语从句时可以用whether，不能用if。例如：
His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.
他的首要问题是汤姆是否已经到达。
单项选择题
（1）(2005年天津卷)Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and
_____ it is rough or smooth.
A./
B.whether
C.how
D.what
解析：本句的意思是“大象有自己的方法来判断物体的形状，以及它是粗糙还是光滑”。由or也能断定其前面的连词是whether，故选B项。
答案：B
（2）(2005年全国卷Ⅱ)The poor young man is ready to accepthelp _______ he can get.
A.whichever
B.however
C.whatever
D.whenever
解析：选项中的词在从句中作help的定语，充当形容词，它引导的从句还要作accept的宾语（从句），身兼二职，故而排除A、B 和D三项，选C项。
答案：C
（3）—I think it is going to be a big problem.
—Yes,it could be.
—I wonder _______ all of us can do about it.
A.if
B.how
C.what
D.that
解析：最后一句话的意思是“我不知道对于这个问题我们能做点什么”。选项要作do的宾语，它引导的从句同时还要作wonder的宾语（从句），身兼二职，故而排除A、B 和D三项，选C项。
答案：C
（4）Do you have an idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom?
A.that
B.what
C.as
D.which
解析：本题的意思是“你知道教室里到底正在进行什么活动”，idea之后跟同位语从句，选项引导同位语从句，还要在从句中作主语，身兼二职，只有B项能满足这一要求。
答案：B
（5）Last Sunday morning,my dear brother drove his car down the street at _______ I thought was a very dangerous speed.
A.as
B.which
C.what
D.that
解析：本句的中心结构是“my brother drove his car at a very dangerous speed”。a very dangerous speed 是名词短语，what 在语法上相当于the speed that引起从句，I thought作为插入语。答案是C。
答案：C
(6)We all remember _______ this sleepless city used to be a deserted place.
A.when
B.how
C.where
D.what
解析：首先从句子结构上看，之后跟宾语从句，从句主系表结构完整，缺少的应是状语，从意义上讲应是时间状语，即我们都记得这座沉睡的城市曾经是一块不毛之地。
答案：A
(7)Strong will is a kind of quality—and that is _______ it takes to do anything well.
A.what
B.that
C.which
D.why
解析：that is之后跟表语从句，引导词在从句中作it takes的宾语，只有what能满足这一要求，答案为A。
答案：A
(8)—Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
—Oh,that is _______.
A.what makes me feel excited
B.whatever I feel excited about
C.how I feel about it
D.when I feel excited
解析：that is之后跟表语从句，其意思应是那（昨天的游戏）就是让我格外激动的原因，what makes me feel excited符合这一含义，故答案为A。
答案：A
(9)What the doctor in this hospital really doubt _______ is my mother will cover from the serious disease soon.
A.when
B.how
C.whether
D.why
解析：本题意思是:医生怀疑我妈妈能否迅速恢复健康，表示能否这一意义要选C项。
答案：C
四、课文浓缩
下面的一段文章为原文的浓缩，仔细阅读，根据原文章内容将其补充完整，并尽量背诵。
This is a most 1 tale,in the summer of 1903,an American businessman named Henry had some bad luck..He was carried out to sea by a strong wind and was 2 by a ship before giving up.Then he landed in Britain 3 .He earned his 4 by working as an unpaid hand,which 5 his appearance.He was lost in London and no money on him.Nobody knew who he was.
When he came to a restaurant,a servant opened the door and 6 him to lead the way.Henry 7 a lot of food and ate like a wolf.He asked if the restaurant offered him some kinds of work there.To his surprise,they said yes and gave him a letter with money in it.He couldn’t open it until two o’clock.Henry thought this was 8 .In fact,Henry didn’t want 9 but an honest job.He was puzzled at what they did and 10 to open it until two o’clock.
答案：1.incredible 2.spotted 3.by accident 4.passage 5.accounted for 6.permitted 7.ordered 8.silly 9.charity 10.promised