主谓一致练与析
请用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
1. Three years _______ (have) passed since they met last time, and for them, three years_______ (be) really a long time. 
2. _______ (be) everybody going to take part in the game this afternoon?
3. My family _______ (be) the largest one in our village. Besides, my family ______ (be) all party members.
4. The whole class ________ (be) now listening to the teacher attentively.
5. The news ______ (be) very exciting.
6. To learn one or two foreign languages _______ (be) very important nowadays.
7. The last and most difficult lesson _______ (be) Lesson 14.
8. I, who _______ your friend, will try my best to help you.
9. The scientist and engineer _______ (have) invented a new machine.
10. Alice，together with her friends，_______ (be) punished for having broken the school rules.
11. Every girl and every boy _______ (have) the right to join the club.
12. —_______ (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting?
—Neither she nor I________(be).
13. Ancient and modern history _____ (be) the subjects we are studying.
14. Many a scientist _______ (have) devoted their lives to science.
15. The old _______ (be) respected in our country.

答案与解析：
1. have; is。表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词表示单位数量用作主语时， 通常看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式（第二空）; 若强调数目，谓语动词用复数形式（第一空）。
2. Is。不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, nobody, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
3. is; are。集体名词family, class等作主语时，如果强调整体（第一空），谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体（第二空），则用复数形式。
4. are。
5. is。某些名词以-s结尾，表面看是复数形式，实际上是单数概念，如physics, news等，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
6. is。当主语是不定式短语，-ing形式短语或主语从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
7. is。一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，如果表示的是同一概念，谓语动词一般用单数。该句意为“最后一课十四课是最难的一课。”
8. am。     
9. has。两个名词或代词由and连接作主语时，当and不表示并列意义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数。
10. was。主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如用with，along with， as well  as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including等与修饰语连接，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。
11. has。两个并列的名词由each，every， no等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。
12. Is; am。当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or， either ... or, neither ... nor或 not only ... but also等连接时，谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
13. are。一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词一般用复数。
14. has。“many a + 单数名词”作主语时，表达的是复数意义，但谓语动词要用单数。   
15. are。“the+形容词 / 过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。

附注：主谓一致详细讲解

主谓一致
1. 由and连接的主语
1)指不同的人，物或事， 谓语用复数; 指同一人，物或事谓语用单数
A teacher and a writer are talking to the students.
A teacher and writer is talking to the students.
( a cart and horse, knife and fork, this bread and butter etc.)
Hard struggle and plain living is a weapon with which our army and people overcome the enemy.
Cf. Hard struggle and plain living are our best qualities.
2) 由and 连接的名词带有no , each, every, many a时谓语用单数
No student and no teacher is permitted to smoke in the school.
Many a girl and many a boy has failed in the test.
Each girl and (each) boy has failed in the test.
2. 由一个主语决定谓语
1)由here或there  引导的句子，若有并列主语，谓语动词按就近原则
      There seems to be no doubt about it.
      There seem to be no students in the classroom.
      There is a pen and several books on the desk.
      There are several books and a pen on the desk..
      Here is a stamp and two books for you.
   2)主语后面跟有介词 with, together, along, but, except, besides, including, rather than, as well as, like, rather等引导的短语时，动词形式取决与主语本身
The factory including its machines was burnt down last night.
The manager with some workers was working during  the holidays.
3) not only … but also; either … or; neither … nor; … or …; not … but 连接的并列主语,使用就近分配原则
    Either the teacher or his students are to blame.
Not only the doors but also the floor has been painted.
Cf. Is either my brother or I coming?
 Am I or you to go?
Cf. both/both … and总是用复数

3. 表示数量的名词做主语
1) all of/ some of/ most of/ half of/ a lot of/ lots of /the rest of / part of /plenty of/one-third of /two-thirds of/sixty percent of/ enough of谓语动词单复数由主语中心词决定
More than one hundred people have seen the film.
One seventh of the earth’s surface is covered with water.
Twenty-five percent of the doctors are women.
Lots of students are keen to enter key schools.
Half of the orange is rotten.     Half of the oranges are rotten..
Lots of damage is done to the car.
注意 Quantity作主语的用法
A large quantity of water is needed to cool the machine.
Large quantities of water are needed.
A large quantity of books are needed.
Large quantities of books are needed.
all 单独作主语,
All are present.                   All is quiet.
All are preparing for the party.       All is ready.
2) 主语由a pair /kind/sort/type/variety/set/suit of +名词（单或复数）构成，动词位于取决于这些词本身
This kind of book/books sells well.   All kinds of books sell well.
Cf. Books of this kind sell well.       A book of these kinds sells well.
3) many a/ more than +n.单数，意义虽然是复数，但动词谓语为单数
Many a boy has done his duty.       Cf. Many boys have done their duties.
More than one game was lost.
4) Cf. a great number of & the number of 
A large number of doctors are devoted to their work.   
The number of devoted doctors is large.
5) 时间 距离 价格 度量衡等数量概念，看作一个整体，单数；看作个体，复数
Six months is too short a time.           A hundred years is called a century.
Five miles is a long distance for me.      Five dollars is far from enough..
Cf. There are ten miles for us to go.      Ten pounds were spent last week.
6) 如果主语为one in/ one out of/ every one of/ one of /each of/ any one of/ either of/ neither of,动词为单数
One in ten students has failed.
One of the boys who are willing to do the job is here.
The one of the boys who is willing to do the job is here.
The only one of the boys who is willing to do the job is here.
7) 算式中的数字作主语，谓语动词为单数
20 plus/divided by/minus/times 5 equals …
8) None of the money is mine.
None of the pens is/are mine.
None of them is my sister.
9) One and a half apples is left on the table.
10)  One or two questions are to be discussed next.

4. 几个名词作并列主语，若最后的名词起归纳总结作用，则单数
The building, the campus, the classroom, everything was new and different.

5. 同位语作并列主语，谓语动词与中心词一致
We each have a book.
Each of us has a book.

6. The following, Such和 what从句作主语，动词单复数取决于表语
Such is the reason.  Such are the facts.
The following is the answer. 
The following are some examples.
What I need is your help.
What I need are your help and encouragement.

7. 集体名词作主语
1)主语为the youth, the police, cattle, the public, people,谓语动词复数
The police are searching the city for the murders.
2)主语为clothing, machinery, scenery, poetry, stationery, underwear, technology, 谓语动词单数
All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
3)主语为family, class, crew, committee, team, army, audience, government, club, crowd, group, faculty, staff.表示整体时谓语动词用单数，强调个体成员时，谓语动词用复数
The crew is made up of experienced sailors.
The crew were in despair after they tried three times.
Our team is at the third place.
Our team are in high spirits.
The audience today is large.
The audience are enjoying every minute of the concert.
The population of the earth is increasing quickly.
One third of the population here are workers.
* the whole +集体名词，动词用单数
* all the +集体名词，动词用单数或复数 
The whole staff has signed the paper.
All the staff have/has signed the paper.

8. the +adj. 作主语，表示一类人，动词用复数;表示一类物，动词用单数
The old are well looked after by the government.
(the poor, the rich, the deaf, the dumb, the brave, the dead, the young, the sick, the wounded, the disabled, the aged, the living, the disadvantaged. …)
The beautiful is not always useful.
(the false, the true, the ugly, the unknown, the new, the evil…)

9. 以 –s结尾的名词作主语 
1)学科名称physics, mathematics, mechanics, politics, statistics, economics…
Physics is an important subject in senior high schools.
Cf. My mathematics are rather poor.
    The economics of the project are still to be considered
    What are your politics?
2) 国家、机构名、书名、剧名、报名，动词用单数
    山脉、群岛、瀑布名，动词用复数
The New York Times still has a large circulation.
His”Selected Poems” was first published in 1965.
The Philippines lie to the southeast of China.
3)以复数形式出现的名词谓语用复数：arms, clothes, goods, stairs, thanks, wages, belongings, savings, surroundings
High wages often result in high prices.
4）单复数同形的名词：means, series, species, works…
A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language use.
There are two series of science readings.

10. 从句，非谓语做主语
1)Whether he succeeds or fails doesn’t concern me.
What he says or what he does has nothing to do with me.
When and where he went is not known.
Cf. What he says and what he does don’t agree with each other.
2) What was real to him were the details of his life.
   What he wants now is a rest.
3) Increasing their wages has raised the crew’s courage.
   To say is one thing and to do is another.