Loading... Please wait...四、重要句型详解
1. 倍数＋as…as…
Using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食。
This book is three times as thick as that one. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的三倍厚。
注：表示倍数还可用“倍数＋比较级＋than”或“倍数＋the＋名词＋of”。如：
This book is three times thicker than that one.
This book is three times the thickness of that one.
真题：It is re ported that the United States uses ______ energy as the whole of Europe. (广西)
A. as twice B. twice much
C. twice much as D. twice as much
解析：因题干中有as，选项中有twice(两倍)，可见是考查用as…as表示倍数的结构，故选D。
2. not all…并非所有的(部分否定)
Not all students enjoy working in the fields. 并非所有的学生都喜欢到田间劳动。
Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能当头头。
注：(1)all…not易误解为“所有都不”，其实与not all同义。(2)下列句子也是部分否定：
Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。
Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。
He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。
3. 疑问词+do you think+宾语从句的其余部分?
do you think / believe / suppose / imagine / say / suggest / guess / consider等后面接一个由疑问词引导的宾语从句时，通常要将疑问词提到句首，构成复杂疑问句：疑问词＋do you think＋宾语从句的其余部分？
What do you think would happen if tomorrow there was suddenly no rice to eat? 你认为要是明天突然没有大米吃，会发生什么事呢？
Why do you think Jane Goodall went to Africa to study chimps rather than to a university? 你认为简·古多尔为什么去非洲研究黑猩猩而不去大学？
真题：Mum is coming. What present _____for your birthday? (福建)
A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got
解析：因为是疑问句，排除选项A和B；do you expect后是宾语从句，只是其中的what present提到了句首，其语序与陈述句语序相同，排除选项D；故选C。
五、课文难句剖析
1. He wants everyone to call him a farmer, for that's how he regards himself.
剖析：本句是并列句，for是表示原因的并列连词；for分句中有一个how引导的表语从句，意为“他就是这样看待自己的”。
译文：他让大家叫他农民，因为他也是这样看待自己的。
2. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
剖析：that has a high output是定语从句，修饰rice，即“高产的水稻”；to grow rice that has a high output是不定式短语作定语，修饰agricultural pioneer，即“种植高产水稻的农业先锋”；值得一提的是，在序数词后作定语，通常只用动词不定式。
译文：1974年他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
六、语法知识归纳
1. 动名词作主语
(1)谓语动词用单数
Wishing for things costs nothing. 愿望是不花本钱的。
(2)有时用形式主语，且多用于一些固定句式中。
It’s no use worrying about it.发愁没有用。
It’s useless arguing(=to argue) with them. 跟他们争辩徒劳无益。
It’s no good waiting here.在这里等没有用。
Do you think it's worthwhile quarrelling with me?你认为和我吵值得吗?
It is hopeless arguing about it.为此争论毫无用处。
(3)有时用被动式。
It’s fun being taken to the Zoo. 被带去逛动物园很有意思。
Being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路有时很可怕。
(4)前面有时用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格做逻辑主语。
It’s a waste of time your talking to him. 你和他谈话是白费时间。.
Jenny’s not going to college is her one regret. 杰妮没上过大学是她感到遗憾的事。
真题：______ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (上海)
A. The president will attend B. The president to attend
C. The president attended D. The president’s attending
解析：因gave是句子的谓语动词，前面应是主语；用名词所有格加动名词作主语，选D。句意是：总统亲自来参加会议对他们是极大的鼓舞。
2. 动名词作宾语
(1)牢记只能接动名词，不接不定式的动词、短语或句型
动词：allow, permit(允许), consider(考虑), suggest, advice(建议), keep(on)(反复，不停), finish(完成), imagine(想象), practise(练习), understand(明白), appreciate, enjoy(喜欢), miss(错过; 怀念), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), include(包括), deny(否认), forgive, pardon, excuse(原谅), dislike(厌恶), discuss(讨论), report(报道), admit(承认), mind(介意), risk(冒险), delay, postpone (推迟)等。
短语：put off(推迟), can’t stand(不能忍受), burst out(突然开始), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), give up(放弃), be busy(忙于), be worth(值得), succeed in(在某方面成功), look forward to(盼望), devote…to /be devoted to(致力于), be/get used to(习惯), lead to(导致), get down to(开始认真), pay attention to(注意), refer to(谈到), point to(指向), turn to(转向), object to(反对), equal to(等于, 能胜任), belong to(属于)等。
句型：spend…in doing 在做某事方面花费
prevent /stop /keep…from doing 阻止……做……
How /What about doing sth.做……怎么样？
have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 在做某事方面有些困难
have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艰难
there is no sense in doing做……是没有道理的
(2)牢记接动名词和接不定式意义差别很大的动词或短语
①remember to do(记住去做)，remember doing(记得做过)
②forget to do(忘记去做)，forget doing(忘记做过)
③regret to do (遗憾地做)，regret doing(后悔做了)
④mean to do(打算做)，mean doing(意味着)
⑤stop to do(停下来去做)，stop doing(停止做)
⑥try to do(设法做)，try doing(试做)
⑦go on to do(接着做另一事)，go on doing(继续做同一事)
⑧can’t help to do(不能帮助做)，can’t help doing(情不自禁做)
⑨sb. need /want /require to do(需要/想要/要求做某事), sth. need /want /require doing (=to be done) (某物需要做某事)等。
真题：(1)I really can’t understand ______ her like that. (2005安徽)
A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
解析：因understand要接动名词作宾语，you是treating的逻辑主语，故选D。
(2)Victor apologized for ______to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004上海春)
A. his being not able B. him not to be able
C. his not being able D. him to be not able
解析：for是介词，要接动名词，排除B和D；动名词的否定式是在其前面加not，故选C。
(3)The discovery of new evidence led to ______. (上海)
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
解析：因lead to中的to是介词，要接动名词，排除B和D；逻辑主语the thief与catch是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式，故选C。
(4) When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ______at the party, but not______. (北京)
A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave
C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave
解析：由语境可知，是表示“记得曾经做过某事”，用remember doing，另外but not是与前面并列的，都作remember的宾语，所以都用动名词，故选C。
七、背景知识介绍
现代农业：中国的传统农业数千年来变化不大。大多数的土地都是由单个家庭来耕作，尽管中国是个大国，但只有7%的土地能用来耕作。从二十世纪九十年代初开始，科学家们就开始开发新技术，而不破坏环境来增加农业产量。未来的农业既要依靠传统方法又要依靠高科技，不仅食物产量重要而且也要爱护环境。
中国农民最大的问题是缺少可耕作的土地，中国科学家们用最新的技术在温室里种蔬菜，这些蔬菜的根不是种在泥土里，而是悬挂在容器的水中。今天，许多蔬菜不是种在菜地，而在种在温室里了，不受风、雨和昆虫的破坏，温度由电脑来控制。