三. 阅读理解
A
Women in Nazi Germany were to have a very special job. Hitler was very clear about this. This job was that they should be good mothers bringing up children at home while their husbands worked. Except for some special fields, Hitler saw no reason why a woman should work. Within months of Hitler coming to power, many female doctors, teachers and lawyers were sacked. By the start of the Second World War, very few German women were in fulltime work. From their earliest years, girls were taught that all good German women married at a young age to a proper German and that the wife’s job was to keep a good home for her working husband and to have children.
One of the earliest laws passed by Hitler once he came to power in 1933, was the Law for the Encouragement of Marriage. This law stated (声明) that all newly married couples would get a government loan (贷款) of 1000 marks. This loan was not to be simply paid back. The birth of one child meant that 25% of the loan did not have to be paid back. Two children meant that 50% of the loan didn’t need to be paid back. Four children meant that the entire loan was cleared.
What was more, as housewives and mothers, their lives were controlled. Women were not expected to wear make-up or trousers. Only flat shoes were expected to be worn. Women were discouraged from slimming as this was considered bad for child birth.
1. The aim of the Law for the Encouragement of Marriage was to ________.
A. attract more young people to join the army willingly
B. make those married couples become rich quickly
C. encourage people to loan more from the government
D. encourage couples to have as many children as they could
2. The underlined word “sacked” in Paragraph one probably means “________”.
A. punished B. fired C. killed D. raised
3. According to the passage, women in Nazi Germany ________.
A. could make up or wear beautiful clothes
B. were to have children and do housework
C. could receive a good education at school
D. were offered the equal rights as men
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The life of women in Nazi Germany
B. The cruel rule of Hitler in Germany
C. The marriage policy in Nazi Germany
D. Hitler — a powerful leader in Germany
B
An American woman Anna Jervis was the first person to decide that mothers should have a holiday in their honor each year. Miss Jarvis started her campaign in 1906 in her home city Philadelphia. She wrote thousands of letters to congressmen（国会议员），city officials, teachers and newspaper publishers, proposing (提议) an official holiday for mothers. She traveled all over America, trying to get support for the idea. Her battle went on for years.
In 1914 the Congress declared(宣布) the second Sunday in May each year as Mother’s Day. Anna Jarvis wanted Mother’s Day to be a simple event. She thought children could honor their mothers by spending some time with them as an act of love and respect. However, the holiday turned out to be a major event for department stores, flower shops and greeting card industry, which Miss Jarvis didn’t like.
Americans spend millions of dollars on gifts for their mothers on this day. Younger children often try to prepare and serve breakfast for their mothers. Fathers may offer to take care of children so that mothers can enjoy themselves. The holiday becomes an important time for family fathering.
5. Miss Jarvis ______________.
A kept writing letters to persuade people to love and respect their mother
B kept writing letters and making speeches for people to support her idea
C declared the second Sunday in May as Mother’s Day
D did all she could to support people to accept the second Sunday in May as Mother’s Day
6. Miss Jarvis proposed Mother’s Day in order that people could show their love and respect to their mother by _________.
A spending some time with them B offering them precious (珍贵的) gifts
C eating in restaurants together D taking care of children for them
7. On Mother’s Day, department stores, flower shops _________.
A are closed B have fewer customers
C are full of people D only have women customers
8. Miss Jarvis didn’t like _____________.
A department stores B flower shops
C greeting-card industry D the way people spend Mother’s Day
C
The law says women should have the chance of doing the same jobs as men and earn the same as them. The reality is very different.Women lose because, 25 years after the Equal Pay Act, many of them still get paid less than men. They lose because they do lower－paid jobs which men just won’t consider.And they lose because they are the ones who interrupt a career to have children. All this is reported in an independent study ordered by the Government’s women’s unit. The biggest problem isn’t equal pay in workplaces such as factories.It is the sort of work women do.
Make a list of low－paid－jobs, then consider who does them. Try nurses, secretaries, cleaners, clerks, teachers in primary schools, dinner ladies and child－care helpers.Not a lot of men among that group, are there? Yet some of those jobs are really important.Surely no one would deny that about nurses and teachers, for a start. So why do we reward the people who do them so poorly? There can be only one answer—because they are women. This is not going to be put right overnight.But the government, which employs a lot of them, and other bosses have to make a start.
It is disgraceful（可耻的） that we have gone into the 21st century still treating women like second－class citizens.
9. Women should have the chance of doing the same jobs and getting the same pay as men_________.
A．after 25 years
B．according to the law
C．as a result of those important jobs
D．because women are as strong as men
10．We can learn from the text that what really matters in this problem is_________.
A．that women interrupt a career to have children
B．what sort of work women do
C．because they are women
D．what unfair pay women get in workplaces
11．Which of the following best describe the writer’s idea?
A．Women and men should get equal pay for equal work.
B．Women should strengthen themselves.
C．The government ought to protect women against getting paid less than men.
D．Some of the jobs that women do are of great importance.
12．When the writer says “This is not going to be put right overnight”, he means_________.
A．we must solve the problem very quickly
B．there is nothing completely fair all over the world
C．we need a long time to change the unfair reality
D．the problem that women lose will be solved soon
13．Which do you think would be the best title for this passage?
A．Work to give women a fair pay deal
B．The equal pay act
C．The sort of work women do
D．The biggest problem about women
D
The majority of astronauts（宇航员）from America have been men. At the start of the space programme there was strong resistance from some people against having women in space. However, some women were very keen to become astronauts and in the end they were successful. In 1978, NASA began the first training programme for women astronauts.
Judy Resnick and Christa McAuliffe were both astronauts and they were both women, but in many other ways they were very different. Both of them were on Flight STS-5L-L. Judy Resnick was born in 1949 and studied engineering at university and went on to obtain a PhD in 1977. She was a member of the first group of women selected for astronaut training in 1978, and in 1984, she became the second woman in space. During that flight, she helped to launch three new satellites and she carried out a programme of research. She was, in many ways, a professional astronaut whose whole life was devoted to space travel.
Christa McAuliffe was born in 1948 and she was an astronaut almost by accident. In 1984, NASA decided to find a teacher who could accompany astronauts into space. They hoped that she would be able to communicate with students from space and encourage every one of them to be interested in space travel. Christa was a secondary teacher in history and social studies. She was a gifted teacher and she was selected from over 11,000 applicants to go on flight STS-51-L. She was also a very good communicator and she immediately established a very good relationship with the news media(radio, television and newspapers）. It was partly because of this that there was a great deal of interest and excitement about the flight. Thousands of students in schools and universities all around the country were looking forward to communicating with Christa in space. Millions of people were watching her flight with great interest. It is partly because of the excitement over McAuliffe's place in the flight that the disaster in 1986 had such an effect on people.
14. We can learn from the first two paragraphs that ___________.
A. Judy was against the idea of having women in space at first
B. Judy was the first woman selected for astronaut training
C. Judy helped to launch three new satellites at the age of 35
D. Judy carried out a programme during her second space travel
15. Christa McAuliffe was chosen for training because _______.
A. she was popular with the news media
B. she expected to give history lessons in space
C. she was an excellent teacher and communicator
D. she made the students in space very excited
16. The reason why there was great interest in Flight STS-51-L is that ________.
A. both Christa and Judy got PhD degrees in the same year
B. a young secondary school teacher was on the flight
C. students were going to learn more about space travel
D. it was the first time for women to travel in space
17. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Two Astronauts B. Flight STS-51-L
C. Travelling in Space D. The Training Programme
Loading... Please wait...