Book1 unit 5  词汇同步课堂

1. quality  n.
1) [U/C] the degree to which something is good or bad 质，质量，品质
注意区别： quantity 数量
EX：1） 质量比数量更重要。
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2） 他具备了一个成功商人应具有的所有品质。
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2) [C] something such as size, color,feeling or weight that makes one thing different from other things 性质 特性 特点
EX：3） 木头的特性之一是能燃烧。
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3) [C] sth.such as courage, intelligence or loyalty that people may have as
part of their character 品德 品性
EX：4）你需要一些特殊的个人品德才能当护士。
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拓展：
qualification  n. 资格       
qualify  v. 赋予sb资格，取得资格
qualified   adj. 有资格的，职称的

2. willing  adj. Ready to help, to do what is needed, asked, etc.

常用搭配：
be willing to do sth  乐意做某事
be willing for sb to do sth乐意某人做某事
可做定语 eg: willing co-operation,help,support 自愿的合作，帮助，支持

EX：1）你愿意承担责任吗？
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2) 我非常乐意你弟弟和我们在一起。
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拓展：
willingly  adv.         
Will  n. 意志，决心
Willingnees  n[U,Sing]: show (a) willingness to please 表现出愿意讨好别人
（saying）The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 心有余而力不足

3. active  adj. Able to do things, energetic

Although he’s quite old he’s still very active. 他虽然老了可仍然闲不住。
EX：她积极参加本地的政治活动。
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拓展：
act  n.行为，举动& v. 做，行动     
action  n. 动作，做法，行为
activity  n.活力，活动   
actor/actress  n. 男/女演员

4．in trouble

EX: 1) 只有在遇到麻烦时他才来。
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2) 别以为只有你不幸。
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短语拓展：
He got into troble with the police (遇到麻烦)           
If I say no, the boss will only make trouble for me. (制造麻烦)
They took a lot of trouble to find the right person for the job.(尽心尽力做sth)
Thank you for going to so much trouble to find what I was looking for.(不辞劳苦，不怕费事做sth)

搭配拓展：
prep. + n. 表示状态或情形，这里的介词可以用 in,at或on等，常见的搭配有：
in pain 痛苦地/in order整齐/in anger愤怒地/in poverty在贫困中/in a hurry匆忙地/in work 有工作/  at peace处于和平状态/at work上班/at table吃饭/at desk办公/at ease轻松/on duty值日/on business办公/on holiday度假/on strike罢工/out of work 失业/out of print绝版的/off work休班
                  
5.principle  n.    [C usu pl]（行为的）准则，规范；
[Sing](事物的)工作原理，(机器等的)构造原理

EX:
1)行为准则 ___________________ 2)按自己的标准行事__________________________
3)讲解几何学基本原理的教科书_______________________________________________
4)这些机器的工作原理是相同的。
  ______________________________________________________________
 
（idm）in principle  原则上；大体上，基本上
 
区别同音词：
principal  adj. 最重要的，主要的& n.（学校或学院的）校长，院长

6.fight
1) v. to take part in a war or battle
常用搭配：                
fight + n. :
The big family has to fight poverty.
fight against :
Have you been fighting against/with your brother again ?
fight with :
Britian fought with France against Germany in World War II.
fight for :
They told the works to fight for their rights.
fight back : She fought back her tears.
If the enemy comes,we’ll fight back.
fight a battle 打一仗，进行搏斗

[C] an act of fighting or struggling
常见搭配：
get into a fight 打斗
/start(pick) a fight 寻衅/
have  a fight 打架

2）n.
[U] desire or ability to fight or resist;determination 斗志，决心
EX：1)救火____________  2)进行无希望的斗争________________________
3)他们尽管失败多次，但仍有很强的战斗力
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4)他们失去领导以后便丧失了斗志。
        ____________________________________________________________

7.prison  n.
短语连接：
in prison 在狱中       go to prison 入狱        break (out of) prison 越狱
send sb. to prison/ put sb. in prison/ throw sb. into prison 将sb投入监狱
 
注：prison  作“监禁状态，坐牢，服刑”时[U]，前不用冠词；
作“牢房/笼，监狱处所”时[C], 前可用冠词

拓展：prisoner  n.  prisoner of war 战俘

EX: 那位年轻妇女去监狱探望那时在坐牢的丈夫。
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8.law  n.
1) [C] （具体的）法规，法则，定律 
eg: the laws of tennis  / the law of gravity
2) [U]  (整体的)法律(体系)，法规，常与定冠词连用
eg: 遵法________________      
盗窃是违法的。____________________________________
她自以为可以凌驾法律之上。___________________________________________
3) [U] 法律学，法学，此前不用冠词
eg: 他放弃学法律而从事写作。______________________________________________

常用搭配
break the law
read law
a law of nature
be within/outside the law
                
拓展：
lawyer  n.律师     lawmaker  n.立法者     lawbreaker  n.犯法人    
lawful  adj.合法的，依法的     lawless  adj.没有法律的；不法的

9.advise  v.

常用搭配
advise + n./pron.
advise + doing
advise sb. to do sth.
advise + that从句（从句的谓语用“should + v原”， should 常省略）

注：1）与advise用法类似的动词如forbid, ,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补（主补）时，宾补（主补）要用不定式。

如：We forbid smoking here.（宾语，用动名词）
We forbid you to smoke here.（宾补，用动词不定式）
You are forbidden to smoke here.（主补，用动词不定式）

2）区别：advise（劝说）/persuade（劝服）
EX:  1)我劝过他，但未能劝服他。_______________________________
2) We trust you: only you can _____________ him to give up smoking.
A. suggest     B. attract     C. advise      D. persuade

10.continue
1)v. to keep happening,existing or doing sth for a longer period of time without stopping

常用搭配
continue + n.
continue + to do = continue doing =go on doing
continue with sth

2)link-v. 处于某种状态
EX: 1)  他继续干活，好象什么也没有发生。
        ___________________________________________________
2) 罢工持续了好几天。
   ______________________________________________________
3) 他继续沉默。____________________________________________
4) Although he has taken a lot of medicine , his health _________ poor .
A．continues    B．keeps  C．remains   D．proves

拓展：
continuing adj. 持续不断的，持久的     
continuous  adj.连续的，重复的
to be  continued  待续

KEYS：
1. 1） Quality is more important than quantity.
2） He has all the qualities of a successful businessman.
3）One quality of wood is that it can burn.
4） You need special personal qualities to work as a nurse.
2．1）Are you willing to accept responsibility ?
   2) I’m quite willing for your brother to join us.
3. She takes an active part in local politics.
4. 1) He never come except when he was in trouble.
2) Don’t imagine that you’re the only person in trouble.
5. 1) principles of conduct   2) live according to one’s principles
   3) a textbook which/that teaches the basic principles of geometry.
   4) These machines work on the same principle.
6. 1) fight a fire    2) fight a losing battle
3)In spite of many defeats, they still had plenty of fight left in them.
   4) Losing their leader took all the fight out of them.
7.The young woman went to the prison to see her husband who was in prison then.
8. 2) keep/obey the law ;  Stealing is against the law;
She acts as if she’s above the law.
3) He gave up law to become a writer.
9. 1)I advised him but I couldn’t persuade him.  2) D
10.1) He continued working / to work as if nothing had happened.
   2) The strike continued for several days.  3) He continued silent.  4) C