第1单元课文重难点解析
1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population (over 30 million people).
【解析】 population可与big或large搭配,表示人口多;与small搭配,表示人口少,但不能与many, a lot of, few, little搭配。例如:
The country he lives in has a large / small population. 他居住的这个国家人口众多/稀少。
【拓展】
(1) 要对人口提问时,用what或how large。例如:
What is the population of the village? 这个村庄的人口是多少?
(2) population可与a 连用,构成“主语 + has a population of + 数词”的句式,表示某地有多少人口。例如:
The town where his father once lived has a population of thirty thousand now. 他父亲曾经居住过的这座小城现在有3万人口。
2. In addition, many died from the diseases...
【解析】 (1) in addition另外,此外;in addition to 除……之外。例如:
In addition to gene, intelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a decent home environment. 除了遗传基因外,智力的高低还取决于良好的营养,良好的教育和良好的家庭环境。
【拓展】 ① add to 增加。② add...to...加,往……添加……。③ add up合计,加起来。④ add up to总共有,总计达。
(2) die from主要指死于除年老、饥饿、寒冷外的其他外因。die of 一般多指死于疾病、年老、饥饿、寒冷等内因。die of还表示死于某种情感因素,如悲哀、失望等,这时不用die from。在指死于某种疾病时die from与die of 可以互换。die for通常指为某个目标、事业而死。
3. Spanish soldiers first arrived in... when they fought against...
【解析】 fight against 为反对……而斗争。例如:
The workers were fighting against the manager of the factory. 工人们在与工厂的经理做斗争。
【辨析】 fight against, fight for, fight with, fight about
(1) fight against接事物名词,意为“为反对……而斗争”。接人或国家名词,意思是“与……战斗”。(2) fight for意为“为……而战;为争取……而战”。 (3) fight with 意为“与……(并肩)战斗”或“与……战斗”(=fight against) (4) fight about 意为“为……而打架/争论”。
4. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men...
【解析】 majority意为“大多数;多半”。the majority of...通常看成复数,其相应的动词要用复数形式。the majority单独使用作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数皆可。例如:
The majority of people believe smoking is harmful to health. 大多数人相信吸烟对身体有害。
【拓展】 minority n. 少数;少数民族;少数派。
5. Many died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves in the new towns...
【解析】 make a life 意思是“习惯于新的生活方式、工作等;谋生”,类似的用法还有:make a / one’s living 谋生。
【联想】 make an attempt 尝试;make an effort (to do) 努力做;make a noise 弄出噪音;make a face 做鬼脸;make a mistake 犯错误;make a promise 许诺;make a decision 做决定;make a suggestion 提建议;make an agreement 达成协议; make a contract 制定合同;make a record记录。
6. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will...
【解析】 It在句子中作形式主语,形成“It(形式主语)+ is + 过去分词 + that(真正主语从句)”句式,It’s said / reported / announced / believed ...that...据说 / 据报道 / 据宣布 / 大家认为……。例如:
It’s said that Tom got first place. 据说汤姆得了第一名。
第1单元课文要点牵手高考考点
7. ...which, at various times, has attracted people from nearly every country in the world.
【课文要点】 attract vt. 吸引,招引;其名词形式是:attraction 意思是“吸引, 吸引力,吸引人的东西”;短语attract one’s attention 意思是“吸引某人的注意”。例如:
She was attracted by the novel advertisement. 她被这新颖的广告吸引住了。
【考题再现】 The company is starting a new advertising campaign to______new customers to its stores. (2005年上海)
A. join B. attract C. stick D. transfer
【简析】 本题考查动词的区别。join参加, 结合, 加入;attract吸引,招引;stick (常与in, into, through连用)(把尖物)插入,刺入,戳入;transfer(常与to连用)迁移,调任,转移。根据句子语境,这里答案选B最合适。
8. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California...
【课文要点】 what在句子中引导了一个宾语从句,作介词in的宾语。what不仅可以引导宾语从句, 也可以引导表语从句、主语从句。what引导名词性从句的用法是高考的一个重点,2005年有三个省份的高考题中,考查到它引导名词性从句的用法;2004年更多,有四套高考题中考查到它的这一用法。
【考题再现】 (1) I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize______silly mistakes I had made. (2005年湖南)
A. what B. that C. how D. which
【简析】 本题考查what引导宾语从句的用法。动词recognize 后面要接宾语,所以后面的从句一定是宾语从句。what是一个形容词,在宾语从句中作定语,修饰中心词名词mistakes;that引导宾语从句时,不作句子成分;how是副词,修饰形容词或副词,这里后面有名词,所以不能用;which表示从所提供的对象中选择,句子没有可供选择的对象,故排除。这里选A最合适。
(2) The shopkeeper did not want to sell for______he thought was not enough. (2005年山东)
A. where B. how C. what D. which
【简析】 本题考查what引导介词宾语从句的用法。where引导宾语从句时,在句子中作地点状语;how 引导宾语从句时,在句子中作方式状语;宾语从句缺少主语,所以排除A和B;which表示从所提供的对象中选择,在本句中不合适。根据句子语境,答案选C。
9. Scientists believe that these first settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia to Alaska by means of a land bridge...
【课文要点】 means n. 手段,方法,工具;by means of 用,依靠。例如:
She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs. 她不会说话,但她用手势表达了她的愿望。
注意区别:(1) by all means 一定,务必;好的,当然可以。(2) by no means 决不,并没有。
(3) by every means 尽一切可能的办法。
【联想】 mean to do sth 打算做某事;mean doing sth 意味着要做某事。
【考题再现】 (1) Every possible means______to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (2000年上海春招)
A. are being used B. have been used
C. has been used D. had been used
【简析】 本题考查时态、语态和means的单复数用法。means有every修饰,一定是单数意义,排除A、B两项。D项时态错误。由句子的意义可知答案为C。
(2) In some parts of London, missing a bus means______for another hour.(2002上海春招)
A. waiting B. to wait
C. wait D. to be waiting
【简析】本题考查动词mean的用法。mean doing...意味着;mean to do...打算做……。根据句子语境,这里选A最合适。
10. This is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish...
【课文要点】 why在句子中引导了一个表语从句。why引导名词性从句的用法是高考的重点,要加以重视。
【考题再现】 Mary wrote an article on ______ the team had failed to win the game. (2005年全国I)
A. why B. what C. who D. that
【简析】 本题考查why引导名词性从句的用法。介词宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语,而需要原因状语,所以答案选A。
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