人教课标高二第8册Unit 4课堂辅导

Grammar

1. There you are and you come from the west end of London, born in Lisson Grove if I’m not mistaken. 你呀，要是我没弄错的话，你生活在伦敦的西边，出生于里森格罗弗。（P.29）
【点拨】 过去分词短语“born in Lisson Grove if I’m not mistaken”在这里作状语，形容词和分词一样，常可单独或引领短语作状语。如：
Anxious to get more money, he worked even harder.
急于得到更多的钱，他干活更卖力了。
He saw his girl friend, full of joy.
看到女朋友，他满心欢喜。
He got there, tired and hungry.
他到了那儿，又累又饿。
【考例1】 ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.          （06，全国I）
A. Surprising       B. Surprised    
C. Being surprised     D. To be surprising
【解析1】 答案B。 题意为：托尼又惊又喜地站起来领奖。本题考查形容词结构作原因状语。表示人“吃惊”，用surprised。being done表示“正在被……”，显然不符合此处的意义，排除C。
【考例2】 Having been attacked by terrorists, ______.                         (04, 上海)
A. doctors came to their rescue         
B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken     
D. warnings were given to tourists
【解析2】 答案B。分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语是主句中的the tall building，故排除其余三项。
2. But sir, (proudly) once educated to speak properly, the girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party. 但是先生，（高傲地），要是一旦有人教她把英语说好了，这个女孩在三个月以后就可以冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会了。(P.30)
【点拨】 本句的前半部分once educated to speak properly是一个省略句，educated前面省略了she is。这种省略主要出现在下列状语从句中：if / unless引导的条件状语从句；once, when, until, after, before等引导的时间状语从句以及even if / though, though, although引导的让步状语从句。省略时主要有以下两种情况：
1） 省略从属连词及从句中的主语和系动词，只保留分词或不定式，此种情况适用于从句和主句主语一致时。如：
(If a piece of ice is ) Taken into a warm room, a piece of ice will turn into water.
如果将一块冰放在一间温暖的屋子里，它就会融化。
(If they had been) Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果能给那些树多一些关注，它们会长得更好。
Don’t speak until (you are) spoken to.
不要讲话，除非有人和你讲。
He opened his mouth as if (he were) to say something.
他张开嘴，好像要说些什么。
2） 省略从句中的主语及系动词，保留从属连词及表语，此种情况适用于从句的主语是it时。如：
I will come to help you if (it is) necessary. 如果必要我会去帮助你的。
【考例】 We all know that, ______, the situation will get worse.               (07，全国I)
A. not if dealt carefully with          
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with          
D. not if carefully dealt with
【解析】 答案B。题意为“我们都知道，如果不慎重处理，形势会变得更加糟糕。” 本题考查语序和省略的用法。if not carefully dealt with的完整形式是if the situation isn’t carefully dealt with。
3. I’d never have come if I’d known about this disgusting thing you want to do to me. 要是我知道你要我做这种丑事，我是决不会来的。(P.34)
【点拨】 本句是虚拟语气句，表示与过去事实相反。
① 表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be的过去式用were）”，主句中的谓语动词用“would/ should/ could/ might+动词原形”。
② 表示与过去事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词用“would/ should/ could/ might + have+过去分词”。
③ 表示与将来事实相反的假设时，条件从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be的过去式用were）”，主句中的谓语动词用“would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形”或“were to + 动词原形”。
【考例】 Eliza remembers everything exactly as if ______ yesterday.           (06，全国I)
A. was happening       B. happens      
C. has happened       D. happened
【解析】 答案D。由as if 引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合remembers 可知与现在事实相反，因此用一般过去时。

Vocabulary

“幸运的” fortune

观察下面的例句，注意fortune一词在句中的意义和用法：
1. I have the good fortune to have a good friend like you.
我很幸运能有你这样一位好朋友。
2. He makes his living by telling one’s fortune.
 他以给人算命谋生。
3. He has made a fortune by selling old materials.
他靠卖废料发了财。
4. Many young people go to the city to seek their fortune.
许多年轻人去城里寻求发迹的机会。
【小结】
make a fortune发财；
tell one’s fortune 给某人算命；
have a good / bad fortune 运气好/坏；
seek one’s fortune 寻找致富及成功之道
【拓展】
fortunate: adj. 幸运的，意同 lucky, 反义词为unfortunate； 
be fortunate in having ... 很幸运拥有……；
be fortunate to do...  做……很幸运；
It’s fortunate that...  很幸运……  
fortunately adv. 幸运地，意思同luckily，反义词为unfortunately。常做句首状语， 常用“Fortunately for...”  结构，意为“对……来说是幸运的”
【小试】 汉译英。
1. 我很幸运能被选上出国深造。
____________________________________
2. 他渴望一夜之内暴富。
____________________________________
3. 他能逃脱惩罚真是够幸运的。
____________________________________
4. 对我们来说幸运的是我们出发时天气很好。
____________________________________
5. 他可凭看手纹替你算命。
____________________________________
6. 我很幸运，有这么多读者。
____________________________________

Key: 1. I had the good fortune to be chosen for further study abroad.
2. He is dying to make a fortune overnight.
3. He was fortunate enough to escape from punishment.
4. Fortunately for us, the weather was fine when we started.
5. He can tell your fortune by looking at the lines on your hands.
6. I am fortunate in having so many readers.

Phrases

in terms of
【原句再现】 Correct all these sentences in the terms of grammar, spelling, etc, so that she can use them properly. (P.31)
【点拨】 in terms of是固定短语，意思是“就……来说， 从……角度”。如：
It was a bad year for films, in terms of both quantity and quality. 从数量和质量上来说，今年是电影业比较糟糕的一年。
It’s difficult to explain the phenomenon in terms of science. 很难从科学的角度解释这一现象。
【拓展】 come to terms(with sb.) 与某人达成协议，与某人和解； 
come to terms with sth.  甘心忍受某事物；
in the long /short term 从长期/短期来看； 
be on good/bad terms (with sb.) 与某人关系好/不好
【小试】 完成句子。
  1. I don’t know you and she ______________(关系这么好).
  2. I don’t know why the woman ___________ ______________ (甘心忍受) her husband’s cruelty to her in the past few years.
  3. _______________ (就……而言) his attitude to his mistakes, he is forgivable.

Key: 1. are on such good terms   2. has come to terms with    3. In terms of