Loading... Please wait...警惕！高考英语陷阱 Trap 12 词性误用
英语和汉语不仅在遣词造句、句型搭配、习惯用法等方面有很大的差别，就是在词性方面也有很大的差别，并且这种差别有时会使同学们稍不小心就酿成错误。如：
1. ______ he was in Japan, he visited many places.
A. During B. Since C. While D. In
答案是选A吗？during（在……期间）是连词吗？它能引导时间状语从句吗？
2. I want him to go with us ______ he doesn't.
A. even B. if C. even if D. if even
此题能选A吗？even（即使）是连词吗？它能引导让步状语从句吗？
3. ______ your students against or for the plan made by the teacher?
A. Do B. Can C. Are D. Did
against（反对）是动词吗？它可以用做谓语吗？此题的最佳答案是A吗？
4. A _____ road goes ______ from one place to another.
A. straight, straight B. straightly, straightly
C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight
straightly是straight的副词形式吗？换句话说，修饰名词用straight，而修饰动词就用straightly吗？
本节搜集了同学们在词性用法上容易出错的一些典型例题，希望对你们的学习有所帮。
1. during可用做连词引导从句吗
______ he was in Japan, he visited many places.
A. During B. Since C. While D. In
此题容易误选A，将介词during误用做连词。正确答案应为C。不过此题若改为如下形式，则应选介词during：
his stay in Japan, he visited many places.
A. During B. Since C. While D. In
但是下面一例要填while，而不能填during，因为其后接的已是一个介词短语，所以不宜再用介词during，而用while，可将其视为省略句：
______ at school, he wrote his first novel.
A. During B. Since C. While D. In
可视为 While (he was) at school, he wrote his first novel.之省略。
5. straightly 是 straight 的副词形式吗
A ______ road goes ______ from one place toanother.
A. straight, straight B. straightly, straightly
C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight
此题容易误选C，认为第一空是用于road前作定语，故用形容词straight(这是对的)；第二空应填副词straightly，用以修饰动词goes (这就不对了)。在现代英语中，straight既可用做形容词，也可用做副词。straightly这个副词形式在现代英语中已被废弃，许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应选A。
6. close可表示“关着的”吗
He fell down to the ground, his mouth ______ and eyes ______.
A. open, close B. opened, closed C. opened, close D. open, closed
此题很容易误选A，其实应选D。open和close均可用做动词，前者表示“开”，后者表示“关”，是一对反义词，如：
Please open your mouth.请张开嘴。
Please close your mouth.请闭上嘴。
但是open和close也可用做形容词，此时前者意为“开着的”，后者意为“接近的”“亲近的”等，并不表示“关着的”，要表示“关着的”，英语用closed，即用做形容词时 ,open与close不是一对反义词，而与closed才是反义词。
7. suddenly可用做连词引导从句吗
I was about to go out ______ the telephone rang.
A. when B. suddenly C. as soon as D. directly
此题很容易误选B，因为从句意看，填入suddenly后刚好符合“我正要出去，电话铃突然响了”的语境。但从句法来分析，空白处前后各为一个句子，而suddenly是副词，显然不承担起连接两个句子的作用。此题最佳答案选A，when在此用做并列连词，意为“这时（突然）”。又如：
We were about to start, when it rained.我们正要开始，就下起雨来了。
She was walking down the road when she heard someone shouting for help.她正在路上走着，突然听见有人呼救。
8. afraid可用做动词吗
Don't_____; no one will hurt you.
A. afraid B. frighten C. fear D. nervous
此题应选C，其余三项均容易误选：选A不对，因为afraid是形容词，Don't应接动词原形，若填be afraid则也可以；选B不对，因为frighten虽为动词，但它为及物动词，其意不是“害怕”，而是“使(某人)害怕”，选它不仅意思不通，而且语法也不对(因为及物动词后缺宾语)；选D也不对，因为nervous是形容词，不能紧跟在don't之后。
9. against是介词还是动词
______ your students against or for the plan made by the teacher?
A. Do B. Can C. Are D. Did
此题正确答案是C，但很容易误选A，主要是没有意识到其后的against是介词，而不是动词。注意：有些介词、形容词、副词等，具有动作意味，不要将其误认为是动词。如：如果你不能去，就让他代你去。
误：If you can't go, let him instead you.
正：If you can't go, let him go instead of you.
正：If you can't go, let him go instead.
注：instead和instead of均含有“代替”、“取而代之”的意思，在汉语中含有动作意味，但它们却不是动词(instead是副词，instead of是介词)。
10. abroad是副词还是名词?
Now some young people hope to ______ for further education.
A. go abroad B. go to abroad C. go to the abroad D. go the abroad
此题容易误选B或C，将abroad误认为是名词。其实abroad是副词，所以此题正确答案为A。又如：
当心，前面有危险。
误：Look out, there is danger in the ahead.
正：Look out, there is danger ahead.
析：ahead意为“在前面”，它是副词，而不是名词。
11.可用friendlily作为friendly的副词形式吗?
He treated all the people around him,______he knew or he didn't know,______.
A. if, friendly B. whether, friendly
C. if, in a friendly way D. whether, in a friendly way
此题第一空应填whether，因为它与其后的or构成whether ... or ...结构，表示“无论……还是……”，至于第二空，许多同学可能会误选friendly，认为它以ly结尾，应是副词，在此用做状语。而其实在现代英语中friendly只用做形容词，不用做副词。所以此题的最佳答案是D，而不是B。顺便说一句，下面以ly结尾的也是形容词，而不是副词：lonely(孤独的)，costly(高价的，昂贵的)，lively(有生气的，生动的)，lovely(可爱的，美
丽的，愉快的)，orderly (整齐的，守规则的)等。
He feels lonely among strangers.在陌生人中他感到孤寂。
We had a lovely weekend.我们度过了一个愉快的周末。
The car is too costly for me to buy.这汽车太贵了，我买不起。
He is a lively child and popular with everyone.他是个活泼的孩子，大家都喜他
12. lack可用做形容词吗?
The boss praised the young man for his hard work, though he ____ experience.
A. is lack of B. is lacking in C. lacks of D. is lacking of
此题答案选B，be lacking in是习语，意为“缺乏”，其后通常接experience, frankness, courage等抽象名词。选A是错误的，因为lack可用做名词和动词，但不用做形容词；选C是错误的，因为lack用做动词时，它是及物动词，其后不用介词(注：用做名词的 lack后可接介词of)；选D是错误的，因为没有be lacking of这个搭配。