◆Living near the sea, we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight.分词短语作状语

◆Seen from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball.

◆To learn English well, we must study even harder.

◆Hearing the good news, we couldn’t help crying. 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。

    cf. When he heard the good news, tears came to his eyes.

◆I am sorry tosee/hear you fail in the exam.   不带to的不定式作宾补get sth to do

◆I will have my bike repaired tomorrow. 分词作宾补

◆Who had the light burning all night long? 分词作宾补

◆To see is to believe.   (眼见为实)  不定式作主语，表语  cf: Seeing is believing

◆Losing the new bike made Tom very upset. 动名词作主语

◆Time permitting (If time permits), I will pick you up at six this evening.独立主格结构

◆Ten people were killed in the accident, Tom included./including Tom.

◆One hundred scientists were praised, 20 of them women=20 of whom were women.

◆Nothing else to do, I watchedTV all day at home.

◆The policeman followed the thief in, gun in hand/with a gun in his hand..

◆They had to wait for help all the money gone(=as all the money was gone).

◆Everybody out(As everybody was out), I had to put a note on the door.

◆The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.   with复合结构

◆I really didn't know when it was that she had arrived in Kunming .强调句型

◆It is because he was carelessthat he failed to pass the examination.

◆What on earth was it that he told you about in the street yesterday?

◆Was it in 1969 that the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon ?

◆Was it in 1939 when World War Two broke outthat they got married?强调句型＋定语从句

◆Onlywhen the bus has stopped  can you get off it  倒装

◆Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.

◆Not only will I give you the book, but I also will give you some money.

◆Hardly/Scarcely had I gone out of the room when I heard the bell ring. No sooner…than

◆Doctor as /though he is, he can't cure her of the disease. 倒装＋让步状从

◆Were I you(If I were you) ,I would go there myself. 倒装＋虚拟语气

◆It is necessary/strange/ important/natural/a pity that we (should) change our plan.虚拟语气

◆Had it not been for /But for/Without your help, our experiment wouldn’t have been so successful.

◆If it should rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the match.

◆If you had taken the medicine last night, you would feel better now.

◆Given more time(=If we had been given…), we could have done better.

◆It is about time that you went home now.

◆I would rather you came here tomorrow morning./I would rather you hadn’t said that yesterday

◆You should have finished your homework yesterday.

◆If only I could fly like a bird./ I wish I could fly like a bird

◆He suggested that we should set off early àIt was suggested that we should set off early

◆His suggestion was that we (should) set off early. àHis suggestion that we should set off early was considered..  

◆The teacher insisted that Tom was a good student and that he should be praised.

◆It is so difficult a maths problem that we could hardly work it out.  结果状语从句

◆It is so easyan exercise that all of us can do it.=It is such an easy exercise that all of us can do it.

◆It is so difficult a maths problem as we could hardly work out.  定语从句

◆It is such an easy exercise as all of us can do.

◆This is the very/best/last book (that) I am looking for. All that could be done has been done.

◆Is this museum the one (that) they visited that day? Cf: Is this the museum (that) they visited that day?

◆Mrs Wang was disappointed to find the TV set she had had repaired went wrong again

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