3.感官动词+宾语+宾补(do/doing/done)
【典型例句】
I often see my child do his homework carefully.
我经常看到我的孩子认真做作业。(经常性的行为)
He was seen to be taken by a policeman.
人们看到他被警察带走了。(一个完整的事件或行为)
I won’t see this kind of thing happen again.
我不愿意看到这种事再次发生。(将来的一个动作)
I felt my heart beating faster than before when I bumped into the thief.
当我遇到那个贼的时候,我感到我的心跳加速了。（正在进行的状态）
I heard him singing an English song.
我听见他在唱一首英文歌。（正在进行的动作）
I heard him arrested by the police for selling Shaking Head Pills.
我听说他由于卖摇头丸被警方逮捕了。（被动的动作）
I watched the bicycle being repaired.
我看着自行车在被修理。（正在进行的动作）
【知识小结】
(1)感官动词后面接不定式时,表示一个完整的被动动作或状态,意为“做过”或“将做”。在主动语态中不定式的符号要省略；在被动语态中不可省略。
(2)接现在分词作宾补时,表示动作或状态的一部分,意为“正在进行”。
(3)接过去分词表示一个已经发生了的被动动作或经常发生的被动动作。
【相关链接】
使役动词make,have,get,let后面也可接上述形式作补足语。它们分别构成下几个句式:
make sb./sth.do/done
have sb./sth.do/doing/done
get sb./sth.doing/done/to do
let sb./sth.do
例如:
The boss makes him work twenty hours a day.
=He is made to work twenty hours a day.
老板使他一天工作二十小时。
Who would you have do the job?
你想让谁做这项工作？
I won’t have you making the same mistake again.
我不允许你再犯这种错误。
Don’t let your children stay up too late.
不要让孩子们熬夜太晚。
填空
用正确的动词形式填空。
(1)Who saw a green car_______(pass)here?
(2)We happened to see Jenny________(stand) there crying.
(3)He is often seen_________(pick) up his daughter from kindergarten.
(4)I observed the boy_________(take) your umbrella.
(5)The teacher had his students_________(have)a thorough cleaning this afternoon.
(6)Tom was made_________(write)the composition again.
(7)Do you know we have had the guest__________(wait) for about half an hour?
(8)The boy was last seen__________(play)on the seaside.
答案:
(1)pass (2)standing (3)to pick (4)take (5)have (6)to write (7)waiting (8)playing
单项填空
(9)No one likes to see his feelings______,so Gabriel Oak turned away.
A.laugh at
B.to be laughed at
C.laughing at
D.laughed at
提示:此句中laughed at是过去分词短语作宾补,与宾语feelings是被动关系。
答案:D
(10)While in college,he was often seen_____part-time work in restaurants at the weekends.
A.practising
B.to be practising
C.practise
D.to practise
提示:此句叙述的是经常性的动作,要用不定式to practise作主语补足语。
答案:D
4.what引导宾语从句
【典型例句】
They finally reached what is called America now.
他们最终到了现在叫做美洲的地方。
It is Bell who invented what is called telephone now.
电话是贝尔发明的。
We waited for her for what seemed a long age.
我们似乎等她等了很长时间。
Are you satisfied with what the boss said just now?
你对于老板刚才说的话满意吗?
【知识小结】
what引导宾语从句或其他名词性从句时,要在句中充当主语,宾语,表语或定语,表示情况、事件、言语,时间、地点等。尤其是表示时间和地点时要注意与when和where的区别。
单项填空
A modern city has been set up in______was a wasteland ten years ago.
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.where
提示:句意:一座现代城市已经在十年前曾经是一片荒野的地方建立起来。what引导宾语从句,同时作宾语从句中的主语,which虽然在语法功能上与what相同,但它表示“某范围中的哪一个,哪一类,哪一种”。
答案:A
5.while引导让步状语从句
【典型例句】
While I admit that the problems are difficult,I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.
虽然我承认这些问题很难,但我不同意说它们解决不了。
While she’s a likeable girl she can be extremely difficult to work with.
虽然她是个讨人喜欢的女孩子,但是与其共事会非常困难。
【知识小结】
while可作为从属连词用,引导让步状语从句,在语意上相当于though或although,意为“虽然……但是……”。
【相关链接】
(1)while作从属连词时，还可表示“在……过程中”,引导时间状语从句。例如:
While the discussion was still going on,George came in.
当讨论还在进行时,乔治走了进来。
(2)while还可作并列连词,表示“而”,连接并列句。例如:
That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.
那个地区有丰富的自然资源,而这个地区什么都没有。
I earn only 50 dollars a week,while she earns 80 dollars.
我一周只赚50美元,她却赚80美元。
单项填空
(1)_____I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.
A.While
B.Since
C.Before
D.Unless
提示:句意:我虽然承认他并不完美,但是我的确喜欢这个人。从句和主句在逻辑意义上是转折关系,所以要用while引导让步状语从句。
答案:A
(2)(2006天津高考)The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A.since B.when C.as D.while
提示:while此处是一个表示转折意义的连词，表示“虽然，但是”。表示the cost of living与the quality of life的对比。since引导原因状语从句，意为“由于”。when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。as可以引导时间状语从句也可引导原因状语从句。
答案:D
(3)The Chinese are good at table tennis_____the English are interested in football.
A.if B.as C.while D.since
提示:句意:中国擅长乒乓球而英国人喜欢足球。此句要用while构成并列句,表示对比。
答案:C
三、语法详解
现在进行时表示将来
1.现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的一个动作或用来描述一个频繁发生的动作。例如：
Jeanne is sitting in the park.
Man is fighting a battle against population.
2.在时间、条件等状语从句中用进行时代替将来时。
If I am sleeping when he comes,wake me up,please.
3.有时可用来代替一般现在时来表达说话人的某种感情，常与always,constantly,forever连用。
You are always forgetting the important thing.
You are always saying that.
He is constantly thinking of how he could do more for others.
4.现在进行时除表示正在进行的动作外，还可表示即将发生的动作，谓语动词通常为瞬间动词。如：come,go,arrive,leave,start,return,stay,meet,get等。这些动词的进行时句子不能再接具体的时间。
单项填空
(1)—Will you tell us something about the weather there?
—I_____to that.
A.go
B.come
C.am going
D.am coming
提示：“我就要讲到这一点”，为进行时表示将来，A、B两项时态不对，C项意思不对。
答案：D
(2)A new cinema_____here.They hope to finish it next month.
A.will be built
B.is built
C.has been built
D.is being built
提示：从后面的提示看，这项工程没有完工，故应正在建设之中，而且应用被动语态。
答案：D
课文回顾
下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩,仔细阅读,根据原文章内容将其补充完整,并尽量背诵。
Wang Kun and Wang Wei took a great trip after they__________from college.Their idea is to________along Mekong River from where it begins to where it___________.Before their trip,Wang Kun and Wang Wei went to the library to find a large_________with good maps.With the help of the maps,they knew something_________about the Mekong River.They found the________of the river and began their journey there.Though their journey would begin at an_________of more than 5000 metres they were_________about it and it would be an interesting_________.
答案：graduated;cycle;ends;atlas;more;source;altitude;excited;experience
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