Loading... Please wait...书面表达讲解与训练——如何写好情景写作
一. 教学内容：
书面表达讲解与训练：如何写好情景写作
写作体裁训练1）通知 2）论说文
如何写通知：
通知写作要素
1. 口头通知（Announcement）内容要包括时间、地点、事项、参加者。口头通知不必说明通知时间和组织者。语言要求灵活、简要、口语化。
2. 书面通知(Notice) 除内容要包括时间、地点、事项、参加者外,还要有组织者。通知的日期写在左下角。语言要求简练、用词贴切、书面化。
3. 通知要求开门见山、简明扼要、叙述清楚。
范文1.
A Notice
Students of Senior I will visit the Beijing Zoo on Saturday, April 15. The Beijing Zoo has a history of more than one hundred years. It is one of the biggest zoos in the world. There we can see all kinds of animals, such as pandas, elephants, lions, tigers and so on. In the morning we will be free to visit the different areas of the zoo and then have lunch on the small island; in the afternoon the zoo-keeper will give us a talk on how to protect wild animals. Please take your lunch and drinks with you. Wear strong shoes because we shall do a lot of walking. We’ll meet at the school gate at 7:00 on Saturday morning . The buses will start at 7:10 on time. Please don’t be late.
范文2.
Attention, please! I’ve something important to tell you. The English Corner is to take place on Saturday afternoon on the playground. It will start at four o’clock. You can talk freely with one another about your life and studies at school. You’re encouraged to speak as much English as possible.
Tom, An American student studying at Nanjing University, will join us. He’s promised to tell us something about school education in the USA. I’m sure you’ll show interest in his talk.
The English Corner has proved to be of great benefit to us in our English learning.
Everyone will be welcome. Please come on time. That’s all. Thank you.
常用通知用语
1. Attention, please!
May I have your attention, please?
2. I have an announcement to make.
I’ve something important to tell you.
3. There is going to be a talk on history this afternoon.
4. The meeting will be held in the auditorium at 2:00pm.this afternoon.
5. The lecture will last about three hours.
6. Everyone will be welcome .
7. You are required to take notes during the lecture....
8. Please be there on time.
Be sure to attend on time.
Please be present on time.
9. The party will be held at 2:30 p.m. on Wednesday, October 10,2004.
10. The meeting will be held in Room 202,on the second floor of Main Building.
11. give a talk(a lecture, a concert)
12. hold a meeting (a class, a celebration)
13. attend a meeting(a sports meet, a lecture, a class)
14. have a class(a meeting, a lecture, a discussion)
15. make a trip / speak about /set up a...club/ set out(for)/ leave for/ arrive at/ show sb. around/ visit a place/ meet at the gate of.../go to a concert(a movie, the theatre, the cinema)/ form a group/ run a class/ join sb. in.../ take part in.../ talk about...
16. Please sign your name/ fill in a...form(at the Service Room)
17. Don’t forget to bring your gifts with you.
18. Come to the great fun!
19. The meeting will be put off until next week.
高考书面表达(1994)
提示：你校学生将为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会，要在学校广播中宣布此事，并欢迎大家参加。为使美国朋友听懂，请你用英语写一篇广播通知。要点如下：
宗旨：欢迎来访的美国朋友.
组织者：学生会
时间：8月15日(星期六) 晚7:30
地点：主楼屋顶花园
活动内容：音乐,跳舞,唱歌,游戏,交换礼品。（请包装好,签名并在包装外面写上几个祝愿词）
注意：（1）广播稿约为100词。（2）应包括以上要点,但不要逐字翻译，要组织成一篇通顺连贯的短文。（3）开头语已为你写好。
生词：交换礼品---to exchange gifts 学生会--- the Students Union
Possible version:
May I have your attention, Please? I have an announcement to make. The Student Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening August 15, to welcome our friends from the United States. The party will be held in the roof garden of Main Building. It will begin at 7:30 p.m.. There will be music, dancing, singing, games and exchanges of gifts. Everybody please bring along a small gift for this purpose. Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.
Don’t forget 7:30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building. There’s sure to be a lot of fun. Everybody is welcome.
高考书面表达（2000，春）
为了丰富外国学生的生活，你校学生会将举办一次音乐周活动。请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知，有关内容如下：
时间：5月第一周
活动：1 演唱歌曲：流行歌曲。 2 器乐演奏：古典和民间音乐。 3 音乐比赛：
听歌曲片段，然后猜出处。
地点：届时通知。参加者请于4月20 日前报名。
注意：
1. 书面通知应写成一篇连贯的短文。
2. 可以适当增减细节。
3. 词数 100左右。
4. 通知格式已写好。
5. 生词：古典---classical 民间---folk 乐器---musical instruments
比赛---contest
Possible version:
Dear students,
The Students Union has decided to organize a music week. It will be held in the first week of May. The activities include singing pop songs and playing classical and folk music. Bring your own musical instruments, please. A music contest will be included, too. The students taking part in the contest will listen to part of a song or a piece of music, and then guess where it comes from. If you’d like to take part in the music week, please come and sign up for it before April 20th. The place for the activities will be announced later.
Come to the great fun!
Students Union
如何写说明文
说明文（通常它是对事物提供知识，解释与分析，表明观点的文章）这种文体已成为近年来高考书面表达常见的一种写作形式。
它要求根据文字，图画，图表，数据提供的信息进行描述，分析，议论。做到言之有理，言之有据。通过语言的表达及必要的修辞手段将信息进行传达。
常见形式
1. 首先要有一个明确的中心思想，然后对这个中心思想加以具体的解释与说明。
2. 常用的方法有：1）例举 2）比较或对比 3）分析 4）说明 5）描述
3. 常见写作顺序：1）提出问题（通常是主题句）2）分析问题（围绕主题进行分析，可以举例，比较对比，提出理由） 3）评论、措施建议或结论。
4. 要求主题清楚，条理分明，语言简练，逻辑性强。
篇章结构
主题句——引出全文的话题
支持句——围绕话题展开讨论，用事实，理由，观点等来进行解释，说明或论证。
结束句——对话题进行概括，总结归纳。
下面我们来学习两种常用的表达法
1. 例举法
通常用事例来说明主题
常使用的衔接词
（1）可用表示顺序的示意词来突出每个实例。如：
first, second, third,
first, secondly, finally,
the first thing (point) is…, the second thing (point) is…, the third thing(point) is…,
first of all, also, finally,
one, another, the last…
（2）以事物的重要性来排列顺序，可使文章层次清楚，重点突出。 如：
for one thing, also, the worst thing is…,
first of all, apart from that, the most important is…,
for one thing, what is more, the most…,
one important, more important, the most important…,
one problem.., another problem…, the most serious problem…,
常用的词或词组还有：
对称关系：for one thing...,for another(thing)...;
on the one hand, ... on the other hand...;
one..., the other...;
比较关系：between...and...; different from, the difference between,
in contrast, compared with/to
总结：in a word, in short, on the whole, in conclusion, generally speaking
例文1
I think carefully before I buy anything. First, I ask myself if I really need it. Secondly, I examine the quality of it. If it is poorly made, I won’t buy it. Thirdly, I look at the price. I won’t buy anything that is too expensive. In short, I think about my needs, the quality, and the price before I buy anything.
例文 2
The whole society should respect old people. For one thing, they have worked for the society for their whole lives. What is more, they have rich life experience, and they can give us good advice. The most important reason is that if we do not respect old people now, we ourselves will not be respected when we are old.
2. 比较对比法
比较通常是指对人或事物之间的相同点进行分析。
对比通常是侧重分析两者之间的不同点，利与弊。
写作方法通常有：
1）A,A,A, B,B,B, 结构（如内容简单，可将两者分开描述）
2）A,B, A,B, A,B, 结构 （如内容较多，可逐点分析。）
例文1
Jane and Karen have many things in common. To begin with, both girls have the same background. Jane was born and raised in the west, and so was Karen. Next, both girls are interested in the same kinds of subjects in school. Jane likes French, history, and English. In the same way, Karen likes Spanish, history, and English. Furthermore, both girls want to be teachers. Jane plans to become an elementary school teacher. But Karen wants to be a high school teacher. As you can see, the two girls are almost like twins.
例文2
Vilma likes travelling by bus better than travelling by airplane for four reasons. First, it costs less. She can ride by bus from New York to Chicago for $20 Yet, the air fare between the two cities is $78. Second， travelling by bus gives her a closer look at the cities and countryside than she could get from a plane. For example，she enjoys driving through the big cities of Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Fort Wayne. Third, Vilma finds that the passengers on the bus are often closer to her own age. So , they are easy to talk with on the shared travel adventure. In contrast, many airline passengers are businessmen who keep busy with their work while flying. Fourth , riding a bus allows Vilma to explore any stop along the way. On the other hand, once she got off the bus at a small town in Indiana and spent the night with a girl friend. So, the next day she took another bus to Chicago. For these reasons, Vilma usually prefers buses instead of planes unless she has to get somewhere in a hurry.