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parta :vocabulary
Ⅰ. Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when
necessary.(10%)
1. relevant 不相干的 1._____________
2. hedron 多面体 2._____________
3. recur 重新产生 3._____________
4.topic 副主题 4._____________
5.scan 扫描仪 5._____________
6.plant 移植 6._____________
7.ceptibility 敏感性 7._____________
8.compress 压缩的 8._____________
9.smooth 平滑 9._____________
10.sell 吹嘘 10._____________
Ⅱ.Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper
form.(10%)plug in run out of to the tune of look into a wide range of as to transform into adept at bring into play project oneself into
11. She’s very______ making people feel at their ease.
12. Even ______ all the resources and staff available would not be likely to help resolve the immediate
shortfall in production.
13. Before switching on the radio, make sure that the mains lead ______.
14. The problem will ______.
15. It is the failure of the architect to ______ the mind and spirit of the people who are to experience his
designs that causes much of the staccato feeling to be noted in work today.
16. Reactors can be used to ______ fertile material ______ fissionable material.
17. In order to expand, they will need capital ______ six million dollars.
18. When light passes through a prism, it spreads out into ______ colors.
19. The aircraft will ______ fuel in another hour.
20. ______ your second question, I am afraid I can give you no information at the moment.
Ⅲ. Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below.(10%)
countless or creatures shelter produce through influence
its for relationships
No living creature, plant 21 animal, can exist in complete isolation. An animal is bound to depend on
other living 22 , ultimately plants, for 23 food supply; it must also depend upon the activities of plants 24
a continued oxygen supply for its respiration. Apart from these two basic 25 it may be affected directly or indirectly in 26 different ways by other plants and animals around it. Other animals prey on it or compete with it for the same food; plants may provide 27 , concealment or nesting material, and so on. Similarly, the animal will 28 its own effects on the surrounding plants and animals and 29 its contribution of manure it may
30 the texture and fertility of the soil.
21.______ 22.______ 23.______ 24.______ 25.______
26.______ 27.______ 28.______ 29.______ 30.______
PART B: TRANSLATION
Ⅳ. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or
phrases below.(10%) manipulate customary arbitrary save from pop into
31.在上一世纪，奎宁(quinine)使千千万万人免于得疟疾(malaria)。
32.她头脑里突破闪过一个奇怪的念头。
33.他们通过贿赂(bribe)选民来操纵选举。
34.虽然这些调整不再是任意性的，然而它们所反映出的日历的多样性依然存在。
35.在给地图上色时，习惯上给任何两个有部分共同边界的国家以不同的颜色。
Ⅴ. Directions: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.(15%)
36.… Nowadays, it is accepted that even though the results of research may only be approximate or
tentative, they can be published.
The technological and scientific age in which we live can accordingly be regarded as both positive and negative. It is positive because of the hopes aroused by science as a result of the progress made in the therapeutic treatment, the relief of human suffering, the improvement of individual and collective welfare, and the creation of forms of culture which the mass of the population can enjoy or which offer increased scope for individual freedom. It is negative because of the increasing duality of the societies in which we live. Inequalities exist not only between rich countries and poor, between those which have research centers and industries and those which do not, but also within each national or cultural community.
Part C: READING COMPREHENSION
Ⅵ. Directions: Rend through the following passages and choose the best answer marked A, B, C or D.(20%)
(A)
Two relatively recent independent developments stand behind the current major research effort on
nitrogen fixation(固氮), the process by which bacteria symbiotically render leguminous plants(豆科植
物)independent of nitrogen fertilizer. The one development has been the rapid, sustained increase in the price of nitrogen fertilizer. The other development has been the rapid growth of knowledge of and technical sophistication in genetic engineering. Fertilizer prices, largely tied to the price of natural gas, huge amounts of which go into the manufacture of fertilizer, will continue to represent an enormous and escalating economic burden on modern agriculture, spurring the search for alternatives to synthetic fertilizers. And genetic engineering is just the sort of fundamental breakthrough that opens up prospects of wholly novel alternatives. One such novel idea is that of inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants’ natural constitution: specifically, the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes, if they can be identified and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence, the intensified research on legumes.
Nitrogen fixation is a process in which certain bacteria use atmospheric nitrogen gas, which green
plants cannot directly utilize, to produce ammonia, a nitrogen compound plants can use. It is one of nature's great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants' leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas. The leguminous plants--among them crop plants such as soybeans, peas, alfalfa, and clover—have solved the nitrogen supply problem by entering into a symbiotic (共生的) relationship with the bacterial genus Rhizobium; as a matter of fact, there is a specific strain of Rhizobium for each species of legume. The host plant supplies the bacteria with food and a protected habitat and receives surplus ammonia in exchange. Hence, legumes can thrive in nitrogen-depletedsoil.
Unfortunately, most of the major food crops—including maize, wheat, rice, and potatoes---cannot. On
the contrary, many of the high-yielding hybrid varieties of these food crops bred during the Green
Revolution of the 1960's were selected specifically to give high yields in response to generous applications of nitrogen fertilizer. This poses an additional, formidable challenge to plant geneticists: they must work on enhancing fixation within the existing symbioses. Unless they succeed, the yield gains of the Green Revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated, and even if the transfer of those gene complexes, once they are found, becomes possible. The overall task looks forbidding, but the stakes are too high not undertake it.
( )37. The main purpose of the passage is to_____.
A. expose the fragile nature of the foundations on which the high yields of modern agriculture rest
B. argue that genetic engineering promises to lead to even higher yields than are achievable with synthetic
fertilizers
C. argue that the capacity for nitrogen-fixing symbioses is transferable to nonleguminous plants
D. explain the reasons for and the objectives of current research on nitrogen-fixing symbioses
( )38. According to the passage, there is currently no strain of Rhizobium that can enter into a symbiosis
with______.
A. alfalfa B. maize
C. peas D. soybeans
( )39. The passage implies which of the following is ture of the bacterial genus Rhizobium?
A. Rhizobium bacteria are found primarily in nitrogen-deplete soils.
B. Some strains of Rhizobium are not capable of entering into a symbiosis with any plant.
C. Rhizobium bacteria cannot survive outside the protected habitat provided by host plants.
D. Rhizobium bacteria produce some ammonia for their own purposes.
( )40. It can be inferred from the passage that ______was the most influential factor in bringing about
intensified research on nitrogen fixation.
A. the high yield of the Green Revolution
B. the persistent upward surge in natural gas prices
C. the mechanization of modern agriculture
D. the environmental ill effect of synthetic fertilizers
( )41. According to the passage, the ultimate goal of the current research on nitrogen fixation is to
develop______.
A. strains of Rhizobium that can enter into symbioses with existing varieties of wheat, rice, and other
nonlegumes
B. strains of Rhizobium that produce more ammonia for leguminous host plants than do any of the strains presently known
C. varieties of wheat, rice, and other nonlegumes that yield as much as do existing varieties, but require less nitrogen
D. varieties of wheat, rice, and other nonlegumes that maintain an adequate symbiotic relationship with
nitrogen-fixing bacteria and produce high yields
(B)
The dark smoke that comes out of stacks or from a burning dump contains tiny bits of solid or liquid matter. The smoke also contains many gases, most of which cannot be seen. Altogether, they make up the serious problems of air pollution. In so many places it keeps us from seeing the sun, irritates our eyes, causes us to cough, and makes us ill.
Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow” from pollutants that have traveled through the air from othercountries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem.
Air pollution can kill babies, older people, and those who have respiratory diseases. In London, in 1952,four thousand people died in one week as a result of a serious air-pollution episode. In 1948, in the small town of Donora, Pennsylvania, twenty people died in a four-day period of bad air pollution.
At levels often found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung disease, such as
emphysema, bronchitis, and asthma. Of course, smoking and other factors help to cause these illnesses, too, but these cases have increased greatly during recent years as air pollution has become worse. Air pollution can cause both airplane and auto accidents because it cuts down visibility. There are other possible healthdangers from air pollution that we don't know much about. For example, scientists are trying to find outwhether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells.
These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learnhow all the many chemicals we are apt to take into our bodies from air, food, and even medicines act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important tobegin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers.
Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It soils and corrodes our buildings. It damages farm crops and forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our government is astronomical. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the environment, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control.
( )42. The author mentions people dying of air pollution in______.
A. Illinois B. Pennsylvania
C. New Jersey D. Washington
( )43. Air pollution causes airplane accidents because______.
A. pilots become ill B. visibility is reduced
C. engines fail D. the air is too hot
( )44. Scientists are trying to find a link between pollution and______.
A. intelligence levels B. antisocial behavior
C. birth defects D. divorce percentage
( )45. Scientists have not yet determined______.
A. all of the effects of pollution on the human body
B. how pollution can be controlled successfully
C. when the atmosphere first became polluted
D. how to wash the black snow clean
( )46. We can conclude that______.
A. civilization may be doomed if pollution is not controlled
B. pollution is more serious in Europe than it is in America
C. most people do not know that pollution is a serious problem
D. black snow is not so serious compared with white snow pollution
Ⅶ. Directions: Read the following passage, and then fill in the table with the information based on the
passage.(10%)
Since the 1950s, the treatment for crops suffering from such pests has sometimes been an indiscriminate
application of potent chemicals. But concern for environmental standards in richer countries is beginning todecrease their use. Even some safe, commonly used pesticides will soon become unavailable because, whentheir patents run out, the cost of complying with environmental regulations in marketing these products mayexceed the profits that might otherwise accrue to their manufacturers. Fortunately, these chemicals are notthe only weapons available to the battle. A wide array of alternative measures can be brought in for support.
The term“integrated pest management” captures that notion. It refers to the combination of using hardyplants, crop rotations, tillage practices, biological controls and a minimal amount of pesticides.
Integrated pest management draws on the fundamental knowledge of plant and insect biology amassed bybotanists and entomologists. Hundreds of insect attractants (pheromones) have already been identified
and synthesized, and these substances can be used to interfere with the normal reproductive cycle of
common pests -- for example, by inducing the insects to mate too soon or inappropriately. Researchers
are also enthusiastic about the possibility of using insect viruses to suppress pests effectively without
harming their natural predators or leaving unwanted chemical residues. Coming advances will
undoubtedly make such carefully tailored insect-control techniques more widely available to
knowledgeable farmers, who can then incorporate them as standard routines.