政府工作报告
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT
——2008年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上
Delivered at the First Session of the Eleventh National
People's Congress on March 5, 2008
国务院总理　温家宝
 
各位代表：
Fellow Deputies,
现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告本届政府过去五年的工作，对今年工作提出建议，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to deliver to you a report on the work of the government over the past five years and on the arrangements for its work this year for your deliberation and approval and also for comments and suggestions from the members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、 过去五年工作回顾
I. Review of the Work of the Past Five Years
第十届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是不平凡的五年。在中国共产党领导下，各级政府和全国各族人民认真贯彻党的十六大精神，齐心协力，顽强拼搏，积极应对复杂多变的国际环境，努力克服经济社会发展中的各种困难，战胜了突如其来的严重非典疫情和历史罕见的低温雨雪冰冻等特大自然灾害，改革开放和现代化建设取得了举世瞩目的重大成就。
The past five years since the First Session of the Tenth National People's Congress was a momentous period. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the Sixteenth CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication. We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before. We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.
——经济跨上新台阶。2007年，国内生产总值达到24.66万亿元，比2002年增长65.5%，年均增长10.6%，从世界第六位上升到第四位；全国财政收入达到5.13万亿元，增长1.71倍；外汇储备超过1.52万亿美元。
– The economy reached a new high. China's GDP in 2007 reached 24.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 65.5% over 2002 and an average annual increase of 10.6%, rising from the sixth highest one in the world to the fourth. Total government revenue reached 5.13 trillion yuan, a 171% increase over 2002. Our foreign exchange reserves exceeded US$ 1.52 trillion.
——取消农业税，终结了农民种田交税的历史。全国粮食连续四年增产，2007年产量达到50150万吨。
– The agricultural tax was rescinded, ending the centuries-old practice of farmers paying taxes. China's grain output rose four consecutive years to reach 501.5 million tons in 2007.
——国有企业、金融、财税、外经贸体制和行政管理体制等改革迈出重大步伐。开放型经济进入新阶段。2007年进出口总额达到2.17万亿美元，从世界第六位上升到第三位。
– Major progress was made in the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), the financial system, fiscal and taxation systems, the system of foreign trade and economic cooperation, and the administrative system. China has entered a new stage in developing a more open economy. Total volume of imports and exports reached $2.17 trillion in 2007, raising China from the sixth largest trading nation in the world to the third largest.
——创新型国家建设进展良好，涌现出一批具有重大国际影响的科技创新成果。载人航天飞行和首次月球探测工程圆满成功。
– Good progress was made in efforts to make China more innovative, and a number of major scientific and technological innovations with international impact were made. Manned spaceflights and our first moon exploration project were successfully carried out.
——全面实现农村免费义务教育，这是我国教育发展史上的重要里程碑。覆盖城乡的公共卫生体系和基本医疗服务体系初步建立。
– Free compulsory education was made available to all rural students, marking an important milestone in the history of the development of education in China. The basic frameworks for a public health system and a system of basic medical services covering both urban and rural areas have been put in place.
——城乡公共文化服务体系逐步完善。文化体制改革取得重要进展，文化事业和文化产业快速发展。上海特奥会成功举办。北京奥运会、残奥会和上海世博会筹备工作进展顺利。
– Steady improvement was made in the urban and rural system of public cultural services. Significant progress was made in reform of the cultural management system, and the development of cultural programs and cultural industries was accelerated. The Shanghai Special Olympics was successfully held. Preparations for the 2008 Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai proceeded smoothly.
——民主法制建设取得新进步，依法行政扎实推进，保障人民权益和维护社会公平正义得到加强。
– Progress was made in developing democracy and the legal system and in enhancing law-based government. Greater efforts were made to safeguard people's rights and interests and ensure social fairness and justice.
——人民生活显著改善。五年全国新增城镇就业5100万人。城镇居民人均可支配收入由2002年7703元增加到2007年13786元，农村居民人均纯收入由2476元增加到4140元。社会保障体系框架初步形成。贫困人口逐年减少。
– People's living standards improved significantly. Fifty-one million urban jobs were created over the past five years. Urban per capita annual disposable income rose from 7,703 yuan in 2002 to 13,786 yuan in 2007, and rural per capita annual net income rose from 2,476 yuan to 4,140 yuan during the same period. The basic framework for a social safety net for both urban and rural areas was put in place. The number of people living in poverty was reduced every year.
事实充分说明，过去五年是改革开放和全面建设小康社会取得重大进展的五年，是社会生产力和综合国力显著增强的五年，是社会事业全面发展和人民得到更多实惠的五年，是我国国际地位和影响不断提高的五年。
All these improvements fully demonstrate that during the past five-year period great strides were made in carrying out reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. During this time the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly improved, social programs were comprehensively developed, people received even greater benefits and China's international standing and influence constantly grew.
五年来，我们树立和落实科学发展观，着力发展经济、深化改革开放、保障和改善民生，促进社会和谐，付出了巨大努力，做了大量工作。
During the past five years we established and put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development, worked hard on economic development, deepened reform and opening up, ensured the wellbeing of the people, improved their lives, and promoted social harmony. We made great efforts and accomplished a great deal.
（一）加强和改善宏观调控，促进经济平稳快速发展
1. Improving macroeconomic regulation to promote steady and rapid economic development.
我们围绕解决经济运行中的突出矛盾，注重宏观调控的预见性、及时性和有效性。几年来，针对固定资产投资增长过快、货币信贷投放过多、外贸顺差过大，以及农业基础薄弱等经济发展中不稳定、不协调、不可持续的问题，严把土地、信贷两个闸门，提高市场准入门槛，适时调整财政政策、货币政策，完善产业政策和土地政策，调整经济结构，加强薄弱环节，搞好经济运行调节。根据经济形势的变化，多次及时调整金融机构存款准备金率、存贷款基准利率，取消或降低高耗能、高排放和资源性产品的出口退税。这些宏观调控措施取得明显成效，经济连续五年保持平稳快速发展，没有出现大的起落。
We endeavored to make macroeconomic regulation more proactive, responsive and effective, with the focus on resolving major problems affecting economic operation. Over the past few years, we tightened controls on the supplies of land and credit, raised market access requirements, adjusted financial and monetary policies as needed, improved industrial policies and the land policy, adjusted the economic structure, shored up weak links and effectively regulated economic operation to address problems such as overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, excessively large trade surplus, and weakness in agriculture, the foundation of the economy, which could cause economic development to become unstable, unbalanced and unsustainable. In response to changes in the economy, we have repeatedly made timely adjustments in the required reserve ratio and the benchmark interest rates for savings and loans in financial institutions and rescinded or reduced export tax rebates for resource products and products whose production is energy intensive or highly polluting. These macroeconomic regulatory measures produced significant results, and China's economy maintained steady and rapid development throughout the five-year period, without experiencing major fluctuations.
我们从加强农业基础入手，把促进粮食增产和农民增收作为首要任务，在制度、政策和投入方面采取一系列重大举措。全部取消了农业税、牧业税和特产税，每年减轻农民负担1335亿元。同时，建立农业补贴制度，对农民实行粮食直补、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴和农业生产资料综合补贴，对产粮大县和财政困难县乡实行奖励补助。大幅度增加对农业农村投入，中央财政用于“三农”的支出五年累计1.6万亿元，其中用于农村基础设施建设近3000亿元，地方也较多增加了投入。五年新增节水灌溉面积666.7万公顷、新增沼气用户1650万户、新建改建农村公路130万公里，解决了9748万农村人口饮水困难和饮水安全问题，建立了重大动物疫病防控体系，防止了高致病性禽流感等疫情蔓延。这些措施，极大地调动了农民积极性，有力地推动了社会主义新农村建设，农村发生了历史性变化，亿万农民由衷地感到高兴。农业的发展，为整个经济社会的稳定和发展发挥了重要作用。
We adopted a series of major measures related to institutions, policies and investment to increase grain production and rural incomes as a matter of priority and strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy. We completely rescinded the agricultural tax, livestock tax and tax on special agricultural products throughout China, reducing the burden on farmers by an average of 133.5 billion yuan per year. In addition, we set up a subsidy scheme for agriculture, instituting direct subsidies for grain producers, subsidies for superior crop varieties, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and general subsidies for agricultural production supplies and providing incentives to major grain-producing counties and subsidies to counties and townships with serious financial difficulties. Investment in agriculture and rural areas was greatly increased. Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers reached 1.6 trillion yuan over the past five years, including nearly 300 billion yuan that was used for developing rural infrastructure. Local governments also substantially increased their input. During the five-year period, an additional 6.667 million hectares of farmland was equipped with water-saving irrigation facilities, methane gas was made available to 16.5 million more households, 1.3 million kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded, and safe drinking water was provided to an additional 97.48 million rural residents. A system for the prevention and control of major animal diseases was set up, and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza was prevented. These measures greatly encouraged farmers to grow more, gave a strong impetus to the development of a new socialist countryside and brought historic changes to rural China to the great satisfaction of hundreds of millions of rural people. Agricultural development played an important role in ensuring the overall stability and development of China's economy and society.
我们制定了国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，对2006－2020年的科技发展作出全面部署，启动一批重大专项。这对增强自主创新能力，推进创新型国家建设，有着重要而深远的影响。基础科学和前沿技术研究得到加强，取得高性能计算机、第三代移动通信、超级杂交水稻等一批重大创新成果，形成了一批具有自主知识产权和市场竞争力的产品。五年中央财政用于科技的投入达到3406亿元。全社会研究与实验发展经费，从2002年1288亿元增加到2007年的3664亿元，占国内生产总值比重从1.07%提高到1.49%。以企业为主体的技术创新体系建设取得重要进展。科技创新支撑和引领经济社会发展的能力明显增强。
We formulated the Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, which contains comprehensive plans for the development of science and technology in China from 2006 through 2020 and calls for the launching of a number of major projects. This will have an important and far-reaching impact on efforts to strengthen China's capacity for independent innovation and make it an innovative country. Work in basic research and research in leading-edge technologies was intensified; a number of major innovations such as high-performance computers, third generation mobile communications, and super-hybrid rice were achieved; and a number of products that are competitive and carry Chinese intellectual property rights were developed. The central government spent 340.6 billion yuan on science and technology over the past five years. China's total investment in research, experimentation and development rose from the 128.8 billion yuan of 2002 to 366.4 billion yuan in 2007, with its share in the GDP rising from 1.07% to 1.49%. Major progress was made in developing a system for technological innovation in which enterprises play a key role. The capacity of scientific and technological innovation to sustain and boost economic and social development was markedly increased.

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